Reog Ponorogo East Java
Reog is one of the cultural arts that originated from East Java, whose land consists of Ponorogo, regarded as the actual Reog hometown. Perhaps, Reog Ponorogo is one of the traditional arts and faster to adapt quickly popular.
Reog Ponorogo may have been hypnotized society where each region has reog community is located. Thus, according to HT Yulianto who acted as Chairman of the Society of Reog Ponorogo Jabodetabek, reog groups in Jakarta and surrounding areas now has members from various ethnic communities. So do not be surprised, if the arts that brought the "wanderers" from the land of Java to various parts of the world is in the neighbor country is also rapidly developing art. Just a dear loved, either because dark eyes or want to "tempt" our national sentiments, Malaysia unilaterally claimed that reog originated from Malaysia.
This controversy
began when the dances are danced Reog Ponorogo in Malaysia called Dance Barongan. Description will be displayed in this dance official site Ministry of Culture Arts and Heritage Malaysia. This dance is also using a mask suddenly peacock, tiger-headed mask on which there are peacock feathers, which is the original artificial Ponorogo craftsmen. Other problems that may arise is when danced, at this reog taped the words "Malaysia" and diaku as a legacy from the Stone chisels Melayu Johor and Selangor Malaysia. This triggered protests from various parties in Indonesia, including the origin Reog Ponorogo artists who say that copyright Reog arts are listed by number 026377, dated 11 February 2004 and is known directly by the Minister of Justice and Human Rights Republic of Indonesia.
History Reog Ponorogo
Basically there are five historical Reog Ponorogo popular version of the story that develops in the community about the origins Warok and Reog, Warok translated as someone who is known as someone who "master science" (ngelmu) in the sense Javanist (“Trust” adopted in Java).
Warok itself has existed since ancient times Wengker, since the collapse of the empire Medang, new jobs emerged as the royal Wengker in Lawu Mountain and Willis Mountain founded by Ketut Wijaya famous king lived as a Buddhist monk, who received a response from the people of his followers. To courtier and royal guards were taken from the youths and the Warok or supernatural warriors. As the year 1035 and then ruled by the Kingdom Wengker Airlangga and converted into KAHURIPAN. But some still continue Warok sacred life, partly to local authorities who believed the king to control the empire.
Warok continued existence as of the end of Majapahit in 1450, when it entrusted the prabu Brawijaya V ki Demang Suryongalam (prabu relatives who are also leaders Warok) to become ruler of the former royal Wengker. And the Warok trained to be officers gathered for a respite. This momentum, which is often described as the forerunner to the second stage of existence Warok. The more Warok longer exist after Bethara Katong (Brawijaya last King descendant whose religion of Islam, who lived out of the kingdom) took over power Demat Suryangalam Ki. In the year 1486, forests cut down on the orders Bethara Katong. Not without obstacles. Many disorders of various parties, including spirits, come. However, because aid Wengker Warok and soldiers, finally cleared the forest's current job. Then one by one the buildings and infrastructure was established, the residents came. After becoming a duchy Bethara Katong then bring his queen, namely Niken Sulastri. Was his sister, Suromenggolo, remain in place namely in Hamlet Ngampel. By Katong, the area had just built was named Prana Raga. Finally, known by the name of Ponorogo. And giving special status to the Warok. Katong know, Warok-Warok had a Hindu Buddhist culture. But they are very trustworthy people. While Islam has Katong. So, there was a beautiful acculturation between Hinduism Buddhism and Islam. Since Bethara Katong Warok's a very special position in society.
However, one of the most famous story is the story of the rebellion Ki Ageng Kutu, a royal servant during Bra Kertabumi last king of Majapahit who ruled in the 15th century. Which tells of the wrath of Ki Ageng Kutu will the strong influence of the king of the ethnic Chinese partner in the government and the king of the corrupt behavior, he also saw that the power of the Majapahit Kingdom will be terminated. Then He then left the king and established a college that teaches martial arts, science, self-immunity, and the perfection of science to young man, with the hope that these young man will become the seeds of future revival of the Majapahit Kingdom. Realizing that his forces were too small to fight the royal troops Ki Ageng the political message conveyed through the performing arts Reog, which is a "hint" to the King and his kingdom Bra Kertabumi . Performances Reog be a great way to build resistance Ki Ageng Kutu local community using Reog popularity, popularity Reog Ki Ageng Ticks eventually cause Kertabumi take action and attack martial arts schools. Revolt by Warok quickly resolved, and universities will be prohibited to continue teaching Warok. But the disciples Ki Ageng Kutu continues it secretly. However, art is still allowed to own Reog staged because the show has become popular, but the way the story has a new groove with the added characters from Ponorogo folklore Kelono Sewondono namely Dewi Songgolangit, and Sri Genthayu.
Official Version Reog Ponorogo storyline now is the story of King Ponorogo who intend to apply daughter Kediri, Dewi Ragil Kuning, but the middle of the journey he was intercepted by King Singabarong from Kediri. King Singabarong forces consist of peacocks and lions, while the part of the Kingdom of Ponorogo King and his Deputy Kelono Bujanganom, escorted by Warok (men dressed in black in the dance), and this Warok deadly black magic. The whole dance is a dance of war between the kingdom and the kingdom of Kediri Ponorogo, and pitted black magic between them, the dancers in a state of 'trance' during the dance stage.
And another story Reog also exist, namely Reog Singa Barong dance as an art began to emerge when the year 1400's when it suddenly intended to be satirical Peacock King Brawijaya V, which is more affected by the queen. This is illustrated in sudden Peacock (Singo Barong), that the head of Tiger / Singo Barong male symbol on it is the Bird Peacock as a symbol of women, which means that man under the woman. It is said that time the dancers actually reog is a collection of warriors (a former special forces Majapahit) is disappointed that intend to rebel against his lord. Finally suppressed by royal officials who have influence with diverted into a form of art associations.
Actually there was Singo Barong own since 6th century, when the Hindu Buddhist era, and continues to change according to cultural developments which brought each of the ancient Javanese kingdom of that time. Until the Bathara under our (one of the last descendant Brawijaya) who are Muslims also provide color in reog.
Ordering Reog Ponorogo Procession
In terms of appearance Reog performances, artistic splendor is indeed promising. Two peacocks suddenly becomes this art icon, is a quality assurance audience enthralled. That said, heavy chest peacock is about 50 kg.
Shaped mask and displayed a lion's head, known as "Singa Barong", the king of the jungle, which became a symbol for Kertabumi, and above it is plugged in peacock feathers to resemble a giant fan that symbolized the powerful influence of his Chinese colleagues who set up and all her movements . Jatilan, played by a group of dancers gemblak a piggyback ride became a symbol of the power of the Majapahit Empire troops who became Warok contrast ratio with the power, behind the red clown mask that has become a symbol for Ki Ageng Kutu, alone and sustain the weight that reached more masks singabarong of 50 kg using only his teeth.
In terms of sound reog performances, art will certainly offer a hubbub. The accompanist who plays various traditional instruments such as trumpet, drums, kempul, sawn, and others can reach 20 people. Music consists of percussion, kempul, handheld, kenong, ketipung, Angklung, and presents resonate salompret salendro and pelog tone. The tones are brought nuanced mystical, not to mention the smell of incense. Then the grim faces of strappy black dress and white shorts wrapped around his waist, dancing, shouting, known as Warok, walking around the show. Then Singo Barong emerged, the dancers lift Barongan weighing 40-50 kg with a bite, showing there is a supernatural force on the dancer.
One group usually consists of a Reog: Warok Tua, some Warok Young, Pembarong (lion dancers barong / sudden peacock) and Dancer Bujang Ganong and King Kelono Suwandono.Dan some other escort dancer, so that the number one group between 20 and 30's people , Central Reog is from a group is the Warok and and part of Barong (Singo Barong dancer / sudden peacock). Being Warok not be easy, he should be able to undergo a physical and spiritual forging. Rankings Warok science is to begin to level up to the level of martial arts and Man power. Usually young Warok new master of martial arts: namely processing of physical strength with a variety of specific behaviors such as martial arts, breathing, fasting and tirakat. As a sign he became a mainstay Warok he had a weapon in the form of a great white drawstring cord (always be worn at the waist) who have the power. It is said that the days of old when the two Warok compete with one another miracle whip drawstring cord into his opponent's body. Whoever is able to overthrow the opponent with kolornya him as the winner. Though the rope drawstring if whip the big rock, will be shattered.
Warok'm old, his knowledge already qualified, already cultivate spiritual meaning, to the understanding of the philosophy of life, that is no longer rely on physical strength. Warok wiser older, wiser and a central figure or a "parent" its region each respected both by residents and Warok Young. Warok elderly in Ponorogo who is still alive today Mbah Wo Kucing in Sumoroto; Mbah Kamituwo Welut (90), and Mbah Senen Kakuk (83), Mbah Petil (85), and Mbah Tobroni (70) Mbah Bikan Gondowiyono (60) Mbah Legong (60) who rarely appear, as Mbah Benjot (70).
Over time, Reog growth. Art Reog staging of more modern now usually performed in several events such as weddings, circumcisions and National holidays. Art Reog Ponorogo consists of several series of 2 to 3 dances opening. The first dance is usually performed by brave men with a 6-8 all-black clothes, with faces painted red. The dancer depicts the figure of a courageous lion. Next is a dance which was performed by 6-8 girls who boarded horses. In reog Traditionally, these dancers are usually played by male dancers who dressed women. Jaran Kepang dance this dance called braid which should be distinguished from other dances are Kuda Lumping dance.
After the opening dance finished, the new core scenes whose content is displayed depends reog condition where art is displayed. If associated with the wedding scene shown is romance. To feast circumcision or circumcision, is usually a story of warriors, the art scene in reog usually do not follow the scenario laid out. Here there is always interaction between the player and the puppeteer (usually the leader of the group) and sometimes with an audience. Sometimes a player's performances can be replaced by other players if the players are exhausted. More emphasis in the staging reog art is to give satisfaction to the audience.
Last scene is the Singo Barong, where the perpetrator wore a mask-shaped head of a lion with a crown made of peacock feathers. The weight of this mask can reach 50-60 kg. This heavy mask carried by the dancers with their teeth. The ability to bring this mask other than the weight gained by training, is also believed obtained with spiritual practices like fasting and penance.
Procession meaning Reog Ponorogo
There many kinds of meanings that can be drawn from this part of Dance Reog Ponorogo, for example,
- Based on ancient events (the origin of society or rice to give instructions on how humans should behave in accordance with regulations).
- Caller supernatural strength.
- Met protective spirits to be present at the place of holding of the show.
- Calling the spirits whether to expel evil spirits.
- Warning on ancestors with displaying valor and heroes.
- Complement the ceremony in connection with the commemoration of a person's life stages.
- Complement the ceremony for specific moments in time cycle.
- Show the beauty and distinctiveness of the appearance that promises greatness.
- Cultural values and local wisdom visualization symbols appear in the dance.
- Reog Ponorogo is one of the arts and cultural heritage of the noble values of the Indonesian people to appreciate life fully.
Bibliography
Source:
- Wikipedia Indonesia, Sejarah Reog Ponorogo
- Reog-ponorogo.com
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